Figure 9

(click on image for figure alone)

Fig. 9. Mirror reflection of a weak electron beam in a nonuniform magnetic field. The beam is injected oblique to the field lines which converge to the right. Due to the adiabatic invariants (energy and magnetic moment) the parallel energy is converted into perpendicular energy at which point the particles reflect. Alternatively, the parallel motion is decelerated by the repelling force of an increasing magnetic field.

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