in Nice, France

Troy Carter

 Professor of Physics
Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA
430 Portola Plaza, Box 951547
Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547
Office: 4-909 Phys & Astro Building
(310) 825-4770 (office)
(310) 825-4057 (fax)
(310) 825-0957 (lab office, 15-70G Rehab)
(310) 206-5484 (fax (Rehab))
tcarter@physics.ucla.edu



My CV (PDF)

Educational Background

Ph.D., Astrophysical Sciences (plasma physics), Princeton University (2001)
B.S., Physics and Nuclear Engineering, North Carolina State University (1995)

Teaching

  • 2013-2014: Fall: Physics 222A (Intro Plasma Physics), Winter: Physics 1B, Spring: Physics 1C
  • Previous Courses: Physics 6A, Physics 6C, Physics 4BL, Physics 1B, Physics 110A/B, Physics M122, Physics 180E, Physics 222, Physics 495
  • Some more info on my teaching methods: Eric Mazur's site on peer instruction.
Current graduate students:
Brett Freidman, Jie Zhang, Giovanni Rossi, Tom Neiser, Laszlo Bardoci

Former graduate students:

Travis Yates (2010, self-employed)
David Pace (2008, DOE Postdoc Fellow, MIT)
Anne White (2008, Assistant Professor, MIT)
Brian Brugman (2007, AllianceBernstein)

Group Picture (2007, from left): Doug Martinez (HS Teacher), Caroline Tran (HS Teacher), me, Anne White, Matt Levy, Johann Justiniano (REU summer '07), David Pace, Jon Hillesheim, Sean Kepple (HS Teacher)

Research Interests

My research involves experiments in laboratory plasmas and seeks to understand phenomena relevant to magnetic confinement fusion energy and to space and astrophysical plasmas. In particular my work focuses on nonlinear wave interactions, turbulence, and turbulence-induced transport in magnetized plasmas. I am a member of the Center for Multiscale Plasma Dynamics (CMPD), which is a DOE Fusion Science Center led by UCLA and University of Maryland.
Intermittent turbulence and turbulent structures:
Intermittent turbulence, or turbulence that is "bursty" in time or "patchy" in space, is observed in the edge of almost all magnetic confinement laboratory devices. In these devices, the intermittency is the result of the generation and convective transport of coherent filamentary structures (often called "blobs" or "holes"). The convection of these structures significantly enhances cross-field particle transport and may play a role in the poorly understood Greenwald density limit in tokamaks. I have been studying intermittent turbulence and turbulent structures in the Large Plasma Device (LAPD) at UCLA. The figure to the left shows two-dimensional cross-correlation images of the density and potential of turbulently generated structures in LAPD. The images show that the blobs are localized filamentary structures with a dipolar potential while the holes are part of a more extended turbulent structure (T.A. Carter, Phys. Plasmas 13, 010701 (2006)). Future work will focus on the mechanism by which the structures are generated, in particular exploring the role of sheared cross-field flows (in collaboration with Prof. Mark Gilmore (UNM)).
Nonlinear interactions between Alfvén waves:



Movie of cross-field structure of interacting waves (driven m=0 ("lower") and m=1 ("center") waves along with upper sideband and density fluctuation).
Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence has been invoked to explain the measured spectrum of magnetic fluctuations in the solar wind, turbulence in the interstellar medium (which causes scintillations in radio astronomy), and angular momentum transport and heating in accretion disks. In the ideal, incompressible MHD model, interactions between counter-propagating Alfvén waves are responsible for the turbulent energy cascade. Motivated by this picture, we are studying interactions between Alfvén waves in LAPD (Graduate student: Brian Brugman, work in collaboration with Dr. Patrick Pribyl; theory collaboration with Prof. Steven Cowley and members of the CMPD). We generate large amplitude waves using a resonant cavity (the Alfvén wave maser) or using antennas and novel broadband, high-power drivers. Alfvén waves in LAPD (and near the dissipation scale in astrophysical plasmas) are dispersive kinetic or inertial Alfvén waves. We have conducted experiments in which two co-propagating Alfvén waves beat together due to dispersion (which allows waves with differing frequency to pass through one another). The beat wave drives a density fluctuation (a nonlinear pseudo mode) which in turn scatters the Alfvén waves, creating a series of sidebands (T.A. Carter, B. Brugman, P. Pribyl, W. Lybarger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 155001, (2006).). A related project is being carried out on the Madison Symmetric Torus (MST) at U. Wisconsin (Graduate student: Travis Yates, work in collaboration with Dr. David Brower, Dr. Weixing Ding, and the MST team). There faraday rotation measurements using an FIR laser are being used to study broadband magnetic fluctuations, which may be the result of a turbulent cascade driven by tearing modes but could also be driven by shear flow or by density gradients in MST (drift-Alfvén waves).
Suppression of turbulent transport by sheared flow:



Movie of the 2D cross-correlation (still frame above). Time in the movie is correlation delay. 		The high-confinement mode or H-mode is an important regime in tokamaks where turbulent transport is suppressed in a region where strong shear flows exist (the transport barrier). An often used qualitative explanation of turbulence suppression is that the sheared flow "rips apart" turbulent eddies, creating smaller eddies which are less efficient at transport. Theoretically, shear flow is predicted to cause radial decorrelation (rip apart eddies), reduce turbulent amplitude, and modify the cross-phase between fluctuating density and electric field. We have driven sheared flow in the edge of LAPD through biasing (in collaboration with Dr. James Maggs, David Pace, and Dr. Robert Taylor). If the applied bias exceeds a threshold, dramatic steepening of the edge density profile is observed indicating suppression of turbulent transport. Detailed measurements of the turbulence in the edge show that while the amplitude is reduced, the primary cause of the transport suppression is modification of the cross-phase. Two-dimensional cross-correlation measurements show that while the correlation function is stretched azimuthally in the presence of the shear flow, the radial correlation length is not significantly altered (see figure on left) (T.A Carter, J.E. Maggs, and D.C. Pace, Euro. Conf. Abs., 29C, O-4.017 (2005)).
Turbulence and transport driven by temperature gradients:
Heat transport in tokamaks (such as DIII-D on the left) is thought to be controlled by turbulence associated with radial gradients in electron and ion temperature. We are preparing to make electron temperature fluctuation measurements on DIII-D using an electron cyclotron emission (ECE) radiometer (Graduate student: Anne White, in collaboration with Dr. Tony Peebles and Dr. Lothar Schmitz). Temperature fluctuation measurements will be made using a correlation technique, where fluctuations in two closely spaced frequency ranges (and therefore in two closely spaced positions in the plasma) are correlated to determine the temperature fluctuation spectrum. We will explore temperature fluctuations in broadband turbulence in the core of DIII-D as well those arising due to Alfvén Eigenmodes and Neoclassical Tearing Modes. We are also exploring instabilities, turbulence, and heat transport associated with filamentary temperature structure in LAPD (Graduate student: David Pace, in collaboration with Prof. George Morales and Dr. James Maggs). This work will extend earlier work led by Prof. Morales, Dr. Maggs and their students. In particular, we are focusing on the transition from coherent drift-Alfvén waves to turbulence, on the role of flow, and on intermittent temperature fluctuations.
For information on other plasma physics research activities at UCLA, visit the Plasma Science and Technology Institute website.

Publications

[1] D. A. Schaffner, T. A. Carter, G. D. Rossi, D. S. Guice, J. E. Maggs, S. Vincena, and B. Friedman, Turbulence and transport suppression scaling with flow shear on the Large Plasma Device, Physics of Plasmas 20, 055907 (2013). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[2] S. Dorfman and T. A. Carter, Nonlinear Excitation of Acoustic Modes by Large-Amplitude Alfvén Waves in a Laboratory Plasma, Physical Review Letters 110, 195001 (2013). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[3] J. C. Hillesheim, J. C. Deboo, W. A. Peebles, T. A. Carter, G. Wang, T. L. Rhodes, L. Schmitz, G. R. McKee, Z. Yan, G. M. Staebler, and others, Observation of a critical gradient threshold for electron temperature fluctuations in the DIII-D tokamak, Physical Review Letters 110, 045003 (2013). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[4] J. Zhang, N. A. Crocker, W. A. Peebles, T. A. Carter, and W. Guttenfelder, A sensitivity assessment of millimeter-wave polarimetry for measurement of magnetic fluctuations associated with microtearing modes in NSTX-U, Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 55, 045011 (2013). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[5] B. Friedman, T. A. Carter, M. V. Umansky, D. Schaffner, and I. Joseph, Nonlinear instability in simulations of Large Plasma Device turbulence, Physics of Plasmas 20, 055704 (2013). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[6] B. Friedman, T. A. Carter, M. V. Umansky, D. Schaffner, and B. Dudson, Energy dynamics in a simulation of LAPD turbulence, Physics of Plasmas 19, 102307 (2012). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[7] J. C. Hillesheim, W. A. Peebles, T. A. Carter, L. Schmitz, and T. L. Rhodes, Experimental investigation of geodesic acoustic mode spatial structure, intermittency, and interaction with turbulence in the DIII-D tokamak, Physics of Plasmas 19, 022301 (2012). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[8] L. Lin, W. X. Ding, D. L. Brower, W. F. Bergerson, T. A. Carter, T. F. Yates, A. F. Almagri, B. E. Chapman, and J. S. Sarff, Role of Nonlinear Coupling and Density Fluctuations in Magnetic-Fluctuation-Induced Particle Transport, Physical Review Letters 108, 175001 (2012). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[9] J. Zhang, W. A. Peebles, T. A. Carter, N. A. Crocker, E. J. Doyle, S. Kubota, X. Nguyen, T. L. Rhodes, C. Wannberg, and L. Zeng, Design of a millimeter-wave polarimeter for NSTX-Upgrade and initial test on DIII-D, Review Of Scientific Instruments 83, 10E321 (2012). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[10] S. Zhou, W. W. Heidbrink, H. Boehmer, R. McWilliams, T. A. Carter, S. Vincena, S. Tripathi, and B. Van Compernolle, Thermal plasma and fast ion transport in electrostatic turbulence in the large plasma device, Physics of Plasmas 19, 055904 (2012). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[11] B. Friedman, M. V. Umansky, and T. A. Carter, Grid Convergence Study in a Simulation of LAPD Turbulence, Contributions to Plasma Physics 52, 412 (2012). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[12] J. C. Hillesheim, C. Holland, L. Schmitz, S. Kubota, T. L. Rhodes, and T. A. Carter, 2D full wave modeling for a synthetic Doppler backscattering diagnostic, Review Of Scientific Instruments 83, 10E331 (2012). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[13] D. A. Schaffner, T. A. Carter, G. D. Rossi, D. S. Guice, J. E. Maggs, S. Vincena, and B. Friedman, Modification of turbulent transport with continuous variation of flow shear in the Large Plasma Device, Physical Review Letters 109, 135002 (2012). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[14] S. Zhou, W. W. Heidbrink, H. Boehmer, R. McWilliams, T. A. Carter, S. Vincena, B. Friedman, and D. Schaffner, Sheared-flow induced confinement transition in a linear magnetized plasma, Physics of Plasmas 19, 012116 (2012). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[15] G. G. Howes, D. J. Drake, K. D. Nielson, T. A. Carter, C. A. Kletzing, and F. Skiff, Toward Astrophysical Turbulence in the Laboratory, Physical Review Letters 109, 255001 (2012). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[16] W. Gekelman, S. Vincena, B. Van Compernolle, G. J. Morales, J. E. Maggs, P. Pribyl, and T. A. Carter, The many faces of shear Alfvén waves, Physics of Plasmas 18, 055501 (2011). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[17] S. Zhou, W. W. Heidbrink, H. Boehmer, R. McWilliams, T. A. Carter, S. Vincena, and S. Tripathi, Dependence of fast-ion transport on the nature of the turbulence in the Large Plasma Device, Physics of Plasmas 18, 082104 (2011). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[18] D. W. Auerbach, T. A. Carter, S. Vincena, and P. Popovich, Resonant drive and nonlinear suppression of gradient-driven instabilities via interaction with shear Alfvén waves, Physics of Plasmas 18, 055708 (2011). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[19] M. V. Umansky, P. Popovich, T. A. Carter, B. Friedman, and W. M. Nevins, Numerical simulation and analysis of plasma turbulence the Large Plasma Device, Physics of Plasmas 18, 055709 (2011). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[20] A. E. White, L. Schmitz, W. A. Peebles, T. L. Rhodes, T. A. Carter, G. R. McKee, M. W. Shafer, G. M. Staebler, K. H. Burrell, J. C. Deboo, and R. Prater, Simultaneous measurement of core electron temperature and density fluctuations during electron cyclotron heating on DIII-D, Physics of Plasmas 17, 020701 (2010). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[21] A. E. White, W. A. Peebles, T. L. Rhodes, C. H. Holland, G. Wang, L. Schmitz, T. A. Carter, J. C. Hillesheim, E. J. Doyle, L. Zeng, G. R. McKee, G. M. Staebler, R. E. Waltz, J. C. Deboo, C. C. Petty, and K. H. Burrell, Measurements of the cross-phase angle between density and electron temperature fluctuations and comparison with gyrokinetic simulations, Physics of Plasmas 17, 056103 (2010). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[22] J. C. Hillesheim, W. A. Peebles, T. L. Rhodes, L. Schmitz, A. E. White, and T. A. Carter, New plasma measurements with a multichannel millimeter-wave fluctuation diagnostic system in the DIII-D tokamak, Review Of Scientific Instruments 81, 10D907 (2010). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[23] P. Popovich, M. V. Umansky, T. A. Carter, and B. Friedman, Modeling of plasma turbulence and transport in the Large Plasma Device, Physics of Plasmas 17, 122312 (2010). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[24] S. Zhou, W. W. Heidbrink, H. Boehmer, R. McWilliams, T. Carter, S. Vincena, S. Tripathi, P. Popovich, B. Friedman, and F. Jenko, Turbulent transport of fast ions in the Large Plasma Device, Physics of Plasmas 17, 092103 (2010). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[25] D. W. Auerbach, T. A. Carter, S. Vincena, and P. Popovich, Control of gradient-driven instabilities using shear Alfvén beat waves, Physical Review Letters 105, 135005 (2010). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[26] P. Popovich, M. V. Umansky, T. A. Carter, and B. Friedman, Analysis of plasma instabilities and verification of the BOUT code for the Large Plasma Device, Physics of Plasmas 17, 102107 (2010). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[27] J. Zhang, N. A. Crocker, T. A. Carter, S. Kubota, and W. A. Peebles, Interaction between Faraday rotation and Cotton-Mouton effects in polarimetry modeling for NSTX, Review Of Scientific Instruments 81, 10D519 (2010). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[28] M. Shi, D. C. Pace, G. J. Morales, J. E. Maggs, and T. A. Carter, Structures generated in a temperature filament due to drift-wave convection, Physics of Plasmas 16, 062306 (2009). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[29] Y. Zhang, W. W. Heidbrink, S. Zhou, H. Boehmer, R. McWilliams, T. A. Carter, S. Vincena, and M. K. Lilley, Doppler-shifted cyclotron resonance of fast ions with circularly polarized shear Alfven waves, Physics of Plasmas 16, 055706 (2009). [ bib | DOI ]
[30] T. A. Carter and J. E. Maggs, Modifications of turbulence and turbulent transport associated with a bias-induced confinement transition in the Large Plasma Device, Physics of Plasmas 16, 012304 (2009). [ bib | DOI ]
[31] L. Schmitz, A. E. White, G. Wang, J. C. Deboo, J. S. Degrassie, G. R. McKee, J. C. Hillesheim, W. A. Peebles, T. L. Rhodes, T. A. Carter, E. D. Doyle, L. Zeng, K. H. Burrell, C. C. Petty, J. Kinsey, W. A. Solomon, and G. M. Staebler, Observation of reduced core electron temperature fluctuations and intermediate wavenumber density fluctuations in H-mode plasmas, Nuclear Fusion 49, 095004 (2009). [ bib | DOI ]
[32] W. Horton, C. Correa, G. D. Chagelishvili, V. S. Avsarkisov, J. G. Lominadze, J. C. Perez, J. H. Kim, and T. A. Carter, On generation of Alfvenic-like fluctuations by drift wave-zonal flow system in large plasma device experiments, Physics of Plasmas 16, 092102 (2009). [ bib | DOI ]
[33] J. C. Hillesheim, W. A. Peebles, T. L. Rhodes, L. Schmitz, T. A. Carter, P. A. Gourdain, and G. Wang, A multichannel, frequency-modulated, tunable Doppler backscattering and reflectometry system, Review Of Scientific Instruments 80, 083507 (2009). [ bib | DOI ]
[34] D. C. Pace, M. Shi, J. E. Maggs, G. J. Morales, and T. A. Carter, Exponential frequency spectrum and Lorentzian pulses in magnetized plasmas, Physics of Plasmas 15, 122304 (2008). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[35] D. C. Pace, M. Shi, J. E. Maggs, G. J. Morales, and T. A. Carter, Spontaneous thermal waves in a magnetized plasma., Physical Review Letters 101, 035003 (2008). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[36] L. Schmitz, A. White, T. Carter, W. Peebles, T. Rhodes, K. Burrell, W. Solomon, and G. Staebler, Observation of Reduced Electron-Temperature Fluctuations in the Coreof H-Mode Plasmas, Physical Review Letters 100, 035002 (2008). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[37] Y. Zhang, W. W. Heidbrink, H. Boehmer, R. McWilliams, G. Chen, B. N. Breizman, S. Vincena, T. Carter, D. Leneman, W. Gekelman, P. Pribyl, and B. Brugman, Spectral gap of shear Alfvén waves in a periodic array of magnetic mirrors, Physics of Plasmas 15, 012103 (2008). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[38] Y. Zhang, W. W. Heidbrink, H. Boehmer, R. McWilliams, S. Vincena, T. A. Carter, W. Gekelman, D. Leneman, and P. Pribyl, Observation of fast-ion Doppler-shifted cyclotron resonance with shear Alfvén waves, Physics of Plasmas 15, 102112 (2008). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[39] J. E. Maggs and T. A. Carter, Comment on “An alternative analysis of some recent diffusion experiments on the large plasma device” [Phys. Plasmas [bold 15], 022507 (2008)], Physics of Plasmas 15, 074701 (2008). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[40] A. E. White, L. Schmitz, G. R. McKee, C. Holland, W. A. Peebles, T. A. Carter, M. W. Shafer, M. E. Austin, K. H. Burrell, J. Candy, J. C. Deboo, E. J. Doyle, M. A. Makowski, R. Prater, T. L. Rhodes, G. M. Staebler, G. R. Tynan, R. E. Waltz, and G. Wang, Measurements of core electron temperature and density fluctuations in DIII-D and comparison to nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations, Physics of Plasmas 15, 056116 (2008). [ bib | DOI ]
[41] A. E. White, L. Schmitz, W. A. Peebles, T. A. Carter, T. L. Rhodes, E. J. Doyle, P. A. Gourdain, J. C. Hillesheim, G. Wang, C. Holland, G. R. Tynan, M. E. Austin, G. R. McKee, M. W. Shafer, K. H. Burrell, J. Candy, J. C. Deboo, R. Prater, G. M. Staebler, R. E. Waltz, and M. A. Makowski, A correlation electron cyclotron emission diagnostic and the importance of multifield fluctuation measurements for testing nonlinear gyrokinetic turbulence simulations, Review Of Scientific Instruments 79, 103505 (2008). [ bib | DOI ]
[42] L. Schmitz, A. E. White, T. A. Carter, W. A. Peebles, T. L. Rhodes, K. H. Burrell, W. Solomon, and G. M. Staebler, Observation of reduced electron-temperature fluctuations in the core of H-mode plasmas, Physical Review Letters 100, 035002 (2008). [ bib | DOI ]
[43] T. F. Yates, W. X. Ding, T. A. Carter, and D. L. Brower, Simultaneous density and magnetic field fluctuation measurements by far-infrared interferometry and polarimetry in MST, Review Of Scientific Instruments 79, 10E714 (2008). [ bib | DOI ]
[44] L. Schmitz, G. Wang, J. C. Hillesheim, T. L. Rhodes, W. A. Peebles, A. E. White, L. Zeng, T. A. Carter, and W. Solomon, Detection of zonal flow spectra in DIII-D by a dual-channel Doppler backscattering system, Rev. Sci. Inst. 79, 10F113 (2008). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[45] L. Schmitz, G. Wang, J. C. Hillesheim, T. L. Rhodes, W. A. Peebles, A. E. White, L. Zeng, T. A. Carter, W. Solomon, Y. Zhang, W. W. Heidbrink, H. Boehmer, R. McWilliams, S. Vincena, T. A. Carter, W. Gekelman, D. Leneman, P. Pribyl, D. C. Pace, M. Shi, J. E. Maggs, G. J. Morales, T. A. Carter, J. E. Maggs, T. A. Carter, D. C. Pace, M. Shi, J. E. Maggs, G. J. Morales, T. A. Carter, A. E. White, L. Schmitz, G. R. McKee, C. Holland, W. A. Peebles, T. A. Carter, M. W. Shafer, M. E. Austin, K. H. Burrell, J. Candy, J. C. Deboo, E. J. Doyle, M. A. Makowski, R. Prater, T. L. Rhodes, G. M. Staebler, G. R. Tynan, R. E. Waltz, G. Wang, L. Schmitz, A. E. White, T. A. Carter, W. A. Peebles, T. L. Rhodes, K. H. Burrell, W. Solomon, G. M. Staebler, J. L. Grimes, T. A. Carter, A. E. Gernat, J. L. Godwin, J. E. Maggs, T. A. Carter, and R. J. Taylor, Measurements of core electron temperature and density fluctuations in DIII-D and comparison to nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations, Physics of Plasmas 14, 052507 (2007). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[46] A. E. White, S. J. Zweben, M. J. Burin, T. A. Carter, T. S. Hahm, J. A. Krommes, and R. J. Maqueda, Bispectral analysis of low- to high-confinement mode transitions in the National Spherical Torus Experiment, Physics of Plasmas 13, 072301 (2006). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[47] T. A. Carter, Intermittent turbulence and turbulent structures in a linear magnetized plasma, Physics of Plasmas 13, 010701 (2006). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[48] T. A. Carter, B. Brugman, P. Pribyl, and W. Lybarger, Laboratory observation of a nonlinear interaction between shear Alfvén waves, Physical Review Letters 96, 155001 (2006). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[49] J. C. Perez, W. Horton, R. D. Bengtson, and T. A. Carter, Study of strong cross-field sheared flow with the vorticity probe in the Large Plasma Device, Physics of Plasmas 13, 155001 (2006). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[50] W. Horton, J. C. Perez, T. A. Carter, and R. D. Bengtson, Vorticity probes and the characterization of vortices in the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in the large plasma device experiment, Physics of Plasmas 12, 022303 (2005). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[51] R. J. Taylor, T. A. Carter, J. L. Gauvreau, P. A. Gourdain, A. Grossman, D. J. LaFonteese, D. C. Pace, L. W. Schmitz, A. E. White, and T. F. Yates, Particle pinch mitigated by radial currents in the electric tokamak, Nuclear Fusion 45, 1634 (2005). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[52] B. Van Compernolle, W. Gekelman, P. Pribyl, and T. A. Carter, Generation of Alfvén waves by high power pulse at the electron plasma frequency, Geophysical Research Letters 32, L08101 (2005). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[53] J. E. Maggs, G. J. Morales, and T. A. Carter, An Alfvén wave maser in the laboratory, Physics of Plasmas 12, 013103 (2005). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[54] F. Trintchouk, M. Yamada, H. Ji, R. M. Kulsrud, and T. A. Carter, Measurement of the transverse Spitzer resistivity during collisional magnetic reconnection, Physics of Plasmas 10, 319 (2003). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[55] E. Thomas, G. Morales, M. Brown, T. Carter, D. Correll, K. Gentle, A. Post-Zwicker, K. Schultz, D. Steiner, and E. Scime, Fusion in the era of burning plasma studies: Workforce planning for 2004-2014, J. Fusion Energy 22, 139 (2003). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[56] T. A. Carter, M. Yamada, H. Ji, R. M. Kulsrud, and F. Trintchouk, Experimental study of lower-hybrid drift turbulence in a reconnecting current sheet, Physics of Plasmas 9, 3272 (2002). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[57] S. C. Hsu, T. A. Carter, G. Fiksel, H. Ji, R. M. Kulsrud, and M. Yamada, Experimental study of ion heating and acceleration during magnetic reconnection, Physics of Plasmas 8, 1916 (2001). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[58] T. Carter, Experimental studies of fluctuations in a reconnecting current sheet (2001). [ bib | .pdf ]
[59] H. Ji, T. Carter, S. Hsu, and M. Yamada, Study of local reconnection physics in a laboratory plasma, Earth Planets Space 53, 539 (2001). [ bib | http ]
[60] T. A. Carter, H. Ji, F. Trintchouk, M. Yamada, and R. M. Kulsrud, Measurement of lower-hybrid drift turbulence in a reconnecting current sheet, Physical Review Letters 88, 015001 (2001). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[61] M. Yamada, H. Ji, S. Hsu, T. Carter, R. Kulsrud, and F. Trintchouk, Experimental investigation of the neutral sheet profile during magnetic reconnection, Physics of Plasmas 7, 1781 (2000). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[62] M. Yamada, H. Ji, S. Hsu, T. Carter, R. Kulsrud, and F. Trintchouk, Magnetic reconnection with Sweet-Parker characteristics in two-dimensional laboratory plasmas, Physics of Plasmas 7, 1781 (2000). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[63] S. C. Hsu, G. Fiksel, T. A. Carter, H. Ji, R. M. Kulsrud, and M. Yamada, Local measurement of nonclassical ion heating during magnetic reconnection, Physical Review Letters 84, 3859 (2000). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[64] M. Yamada, H. Ji, S. Hsu, T. Carter, R. Kulsrud, Y. Ono, and F. Perkins, Identification of Y-shaped and O-shaped diffusion regions during magnetic reconnection in a laboratory plasma, Physical Review Letters 78, 3117 (1997). [ bib | DOI | http ]
[65] M. Yamada, H. Ji, S. Hsu, T. Carter, R. Kulsrud, N. Bretz, F. Jobes, Y. Ono, and F. Perkins, Study of driven magnetic reconnection in a laboratory plasma, Physics of Plasmas 4, 1936 (1997). [ bib | DOI | .pdf ]

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